I'm an optimist by nature, so I believe there are solutions out there if people are willing to take them. But here are the problems as I see them:
1) It's very expensive to do business in the United States and manufacture anything. There are high federal, state, and local taxes, and in many areas there are incredibly burdensome regulations regarding workers, the environment, and the means of production. These regulations add another layer of expense onto the original cost of doing business.
For instance, here in California, one state law requires every business to pay $5,000 per employee per year in workers' compensation insurance. That means if you have 20 employees, you're on the hook for $100,000 every year before you even turn the lights on. That's not difficult for Wal-Mart or Apple, but for small businesses it can be a killer cost. And that's only one of many.
2) The high cost of labor unions. Don't argue with me about the idea of a "living wage" or avoiding "sweatshop conditions". I get that. What creates high costs is the pervasive attitude among certain Union members that the success of the workers and the success of the company are mutually exclusive, rather than being "married" together.
Unions in this country tend to block innovation, because it may require workers with antiquated skills to be re-trained or laid off. They require all workers in the shop to be paid the same wage and to get promoted based on seniority, which gives no incentive for any younger worker to work harder, be more efficient, or come up with new ideas.
They create Byzantine procedures to enact employee discipline, which in many cases makes it almost impossible for management to fire an employee for bad work, or who comes to work drunk or high. Lastly, when a company is experiencing hard times, they tend to demand that the workers be given the same pay and benefits as they were when times were good, even if that time was 25-30 years earlier.
It also doesn't help that whenever there is a dispute between labor and management, the unions can run to their nearest crony politician and get the full force of the state or federal government on their side.
3) The Anti-Manufacturing culture. There is this growing belief in this country that somehow Americans are "above" manual labor. Manufacturing is seen by many as being "dirty" or for people of low intelligence. Our schools constantly tell students that unless they go to college they will spend the rest of their lives living "below their potential" in virtual poverty. TV shows and the movies contribute to this too, by showing blue collar people as a bunch of stupid rubes who failed to take advantage of opportunities in life, and now pay a lifelong price. See the 90's sitcom "Roseanne".
In addition to this, manufacturing and resource production is seen as bad for the environment, as some sort of "exploitation", and dangerous for the planet. Of course these same people have no problem consuming anything and everything made somewhere else, but are quick to condemn any such activity in their own backyards.
4) Corporate Greed. Most corporations in this country are public, and have shareholders who want to make money. These shareholders can be individuals, insurance companies, retirement accounts, mutual funds, etc. But all of these people want the company to do everything possible to make a dollar. They also push short-term gain over long-term gain because shareholders are impatient and want results NOW. Their attitude is, "Hey Buddy, manufacture in America on your own dime! As long as I'm investing in your company, and you can make an extra buck in China, you do that!!"
These are the entities that keep Unions on the defensive, that move production from Mexico to Asia. After all, Mexico doesn't have U.S. taxes and regulations, but why pay a Mexican the equivalent of $5.00-$6.00 an hour with some benefits when you can pay someone in China $1.00-$2.00 an hour and who cares if they get health care or a retirement? At the same time, this won't last forever. Eventually that Chinese worker will demand a higher wage so he or she can purchase the same consumer goods we want in America.
So, in short, as long as a company can justify the cost of shipping products by boat from China to the U.S. by savings in other areas of its business, manufacturing will continue to move to the Far East. If it becomes cheaper to do business in America, and there are more incentives for these companies to do business in the U.S., then manufacturing will come back.